Process of making heavy structural white glass.



G; R. MEYERCORD. rnocnss or MAKING HEAVY STRUCTURAL WHITE GLASS. APPLICATIORYIILED MAB. 4, 1912.

1,108,205. Patented Aug.25, 1914.

- Ll H6525 Iva (912%)? 2 M 1% 04%.

dividuel charges or To (ZZZ whom may} concern;

Be it that X, Gnome com a citizen cfthe Unite Em lee at Chicago, county of Geek, Ste e 1101s, have invented a certain new ens Improvement in Processes of Makrng Heavy Stm'cturai White Glass, andneclare the following tebe a full, clear, and erect description of'rhe same, such as will others skilled in the art to which it pertarns to make the ser e, refer-ease bemg had f the accompanying drawings, which 01 11 2.- part cf iihis specificaticn. 7

My irrveniion relates i0 She art of making thick slabs sheets M .vhi's'ge for structure p11 rpc'ses anal generelly speaking it lor its cbjects tc n11- prove {he quality the plfotilct,v aha-men the cast elm reuce the cf plant me 'sary for menufac uring" slabs orel reeis ing from the thinnest to the thrckest A gocd 'uniferm' queli y 05w; fie sheets a: S19. 5 of a 4 J and annealed, ecor micaliy rthe same way as thickness'cf an 11161 01 more the a are encountere much have milite'hed agzunet W ini'iiinl COS-'2 cf plmit for producing ladies were required fer all kinds cf sheet; Anoiher disatw: image is that the q 1 or the prmiuct as to ccicring cannot be lie t unricrm separately, as in w as where a mu 9. 1:1 we divided in'cmethod; and cone been 1n 153L318 STEUCTURAL KVHETE quality 0f slderec rrr rz.

GLASS.

the sheets. Again, it is diflicrilbtc 04.1 a perfeci thlck sheet 111 the 01d mess the sheethas been formed it iiiust be annealed t-hls being accomplished, in the of thin sheets, furnaces 01 leer-e. I I fer-1nd to be iinpracticable to anneal thick in culinary annealing However, 1t ms been the old way in such leers, on t iength 0f tune the 1 tn renmm 1n the leers A1 L :nriccnsequenfly 1B are preccrce to UITWICK, closed caam bere 0n the order of large Dutch ovengin which the order =0 i ecu sheets may remain for dlys in Jecczue annealed. It will thus be hat, by reascn oi the slowness of the Eng process, numercns evens, cevering ace, are required. if the Output is to arabie. Here again, is a duplica} here both thick and thin of fihc annealing P1706. ough there has been a demanufacture of thick sheets making thin sheets and Tel apparatus has been at resulted in a product 151": sheets and, because '1' 3 sheets has PZGVSHQBQ of the structure of the 't are fine and even, the

ets, structurally c011- or in} that the thin meme-d necessary to to divide it, instead mended. to overcome the n5 cheeks any desired thickues: t0 .mlformlty oi product, and to 'secure a strength and fineness in heavy sheets. v

The varicus features of novelty whereby I characterized will hcreincart with, particularity in pointed 0113 f r a $11.11 under-st mung 91" v its Ub' ZQCTS and .1, ta en con- 1 t1 e wasie increases rapidly with (f-3d. a the fact that cit-0 make possible me a 'qparatue :tor mz'anu- 1 wnying, drawing,

be had to the foland Fig. 2 is a side elevation fill a portion of a machine arran ed to other fraction of that of the finished sheet,

casting upon this a second layer, then a third, and so on until the desired thickness is obtained. Each layer is formed progressively as are the sheets in the ordinary platcglass art and, as it grows, it is merged into the superposed layer, so that the finished sheet is made up of a number of united layers, each of which has had the entire surface of at least one face exposed at some i time during the process. Thus the are allowed to escape at the surface oieach layer during the forming process instead of from the single upper surface as in the old process; each layer is toughened substantially as if it were an independent unit; and a cooling action occurs ti'iroughout the entire mass instead of only at the surfaces of the thick sheet. Consequently the sheet, when completed, is more uniform in texture, and is tougher and stronger than a sheet of similar thickness when rolled as a single layer. Furthermore, there is not the great difference in temperature between'the middle of the sheet and the exposed faces that exists in the thick sheet formed in the old way. The result of this is that the thick sheets can be annealed of rectively and rapidly by passing them through the usual lecrs employed for annealing ordinary thin sheets. It will thus be seen that a large output of thick sheets may be obtained without having capital invested in numerous an nealing ovens oi the old type, without having' a large inactive stock housed in the ovens, and without makingit necessary to have separate annealing plants for thick sheets and thin sheets. It will also be evidentfrom the foregoing that the molten mass may he prepared in the same way and handled in the same way in the production of thick sheets as in the production of thin sheets. If the thick sheet is made of two. layers, then only one-half of the total Ina-- terial is required for each layer and the amount may be handled in one of t e usual ladies which might not, however, be large enough to contain the material for a whole sheet. For heavier sheets three or more layers may be employed, the material for the several layers being supplied by separate ladles. Therefore it is possible to prepare the mixture in large quantities, dipping it-'.'

the last roll, l, will be rioaaoe out with the psual ladies, not only for one sheet but for a large number; thus insuring greater uniformity of product than-is possible where the material for each sheet must be mixed in apot because the quantity is greater thanv a single ladle will hold, Thus it will be seen that by my method of making sheets of: an inch or-more in thickness a superior product is obtained at a low cost and without requiring separate plants for thick and thin sheets. Furthermore, the sheets can be out like ordinary-thin sheets, making chiseling unnecessary,

In Fig. l of the accompanying drawing 1 have illustrated diagrammatically the pre ferredinethod of carrying out the principal step of my invention. Referring to this figure, 1 represents a suitable table of any usual construction, and 2, 3 and 4: represent parallel rolls extending transversely of the table and s parated from each other-lengthwise oi the table. Where there are three rolls, as shown, the first, roll 52, will lie above the table a distance about one-third of the thickness of the sheet to be cast; the second roll, 3, will be farther away from the table; and spaced from the table the proper distance to give the desired thicknose to the sheet. The rolls and the table may be operated in, any suitable or usual way. The first ladle is emptied in front of the roll 2, leaving a molten mass 5 to be pressed between the roll and the table into a layer The second ladle is emptied in front of the r-oli 3 on top of the layer 6, providing a second heap, '7, to be rolled intoa layer, 8, superimposed upon and merged with the wider-lying layer. It will be seen that the first layer has its upper face exposed behind the first roll so that the gases are free to pass off and a partial {260E115 of the layer takes place. The molten mass in front of the second roll causes the partial skin on the under layer to fuse so as to produce a complete union between the first two layers; but the heating of the one layer is accomplished by a cooling,- of the overlying layer and therefore the center of the mass as it passes under the second roll is much cooler than it would be in a single layer having the thickness of the two layers combined. Similarly the third ladle is emptied in front of the third roll, i, and the heap 9 is rolled mm a layer, 10, on top of the two layers previously form-ed; the upper surface of layer 8 having; been partially. cooled and being again fused by the hot overlyinq material. The layers 8 and 10 are fused together and leave a second partially-cooled stratum in the finished sheet sheet has been worked over three times when it passes under the last roll and has been toughened. and has been partially cooled in the interior tl iereof, so that, upon cooling, it is not subjec ed to the enormous strains Thus the material of the fliieknese relied as a singie when fiese pemecl surface of the sheei; smeether and which are impfesei an be 5 th' lie eenteret efinust tee same i m zherm u the .finishedfiien in the easeof a sheet 11 only a smgie rollmgz While trated three Tells, 1 de 110;,- eeefme mysefi be peri eular number! It will? be seen the!) finishing ef the surface 0i glass sheeis means 01 success sive rollings is not nemssa'r w thick sheets macleini layers 5. but is epplicebie to east. sheets, 01? any thickness and efone or more layers. Thus in F 1 have illustrated an arrangement in which twe .rolls 11 and 12; are spaced. equal distances i'mni "the table 13, the first r011 farming the sheet ether r011 fella-wing" and finlshing l4 and the surface.

I'claim: l. 'Tfie method of meking sheets f5 glass'having a; thickness which eensisis ieyer'e .fermefi pregeessive getiez" as they arefermeci.

I 0f glass lmving a this n 1 J eonfinedto' .L L )ermit each layer to mo'se, Wluen eonslste each sheet aiieas'e u'ee layers formed and fused tegei p gl'ese'lve,y as "w 0001 partially before the succeeding layer is ep lied.

Th methec; of making thick homogeneeus-Sheets 01' slabs of glass which consists in farming each sheet of a plurality of individual layexs made pregressieely an fused togethe; as they are mace.

w' estimeny-whereof, I Sign this epecifi eatien in the "presence oftwo Witness es. 1*. :1 7T],

11-. Mei). GED.

seer:

HARRY. GAITHER,

" Fmrmmmmcn.

NM, F, 

